GATE CSE · Computer Networks

Physical Layer Notes & Formulas

Generate GATE-level questions covering transmission media, bandwidth, data rate, Nyquist theorem, Shannon capacity, signal encoding techniques, and multiplexing (FDM, TDM). Include numerical problems.

Concept summary for GATE CSE 2027 · 70 practice questions available

📘 Physical Layer – Concept Summary

1. Definition

Responsible for transmission of raw bits.

2. Core Idea

Deals with hardware and signal transmission.

3. Transmission Media

Guided → Cable
Unguided → Wireless

4. Encoding

NRZ
Manchester

5. Multiplexing

6. GATE Trick

If signal, voltage, bandwidth → Physical Layer

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